Edexcel B Economics case studies in past papers

June 2025

• The UK rail industryA-level Paper 1, June 2025 · 8 questionsAvanti West Coast, TOCs, ROSCOs, Network Rail, Midlands, London
• Cap on bankers’ bonuses removedA-level Paper 1, June 2025 · 1 questionFinancial Conduct Authority, Global Financial Crisis, Trades Union Congress, General Secretary, Regulators, Paul Nowak
• Costs and benefits for nuclear power stationsA-level Paper 1, June 2025 · 1 questionHinkley Point, Sizewell, Managing Director of Hinkley, Campaign The Stop, Hinkley Campaign, Stuart Crooks
• UK strikes in 2022–2023A-level Paper 2, June 2025 · 8 questionsNHS, British, Britons, British Chambers of Commerce, British Medical Association, National Education Union
• Water privatisationA-level Paper 2, June 2025 · 1 questionEngland and Wales, Revenue, Ofwat, England and Wales Ofwat, Northumbrian Water, Severn Trent Water
• The Trade and Co‐operation Agreement (TCA)A-level Paper 2, June 2025 · 1 questionTCA, Trade and Co, Agreement, Different, Tariffs, Goods
• Diseconomies of ScaleA-level Paper 3, June 2025 · 4 questionsWorld Most Ethical, Companies, Tesco, Board of Directors and Chief, Executive Officer of PepsiCo, United Nations’ Sustainable
• UK national living wage increase: implications for employersA-level Paper 3, June 2025 · 4 questionsEUDR, CMA, Deforestation Regulation, Chief Executive, European Union, Chief Executive of Currys

June 2024

• TUI Group lose market share to Jet2holidaysA-level Paper 1, June 2024 · 8 questionsTUI, Rhodes, London, Sebastian Ebel, UK Interest, Manchester
• Sugar tax and childhood obesityA-level Paper 1, June 2024 · 1 questionYear, Estimates, Children, Research, Obesity, England
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) set to affect 300 million jobs across major economiesA-level Paper 1, June 2024 · 1 questionAmerica and Europe, Goldman Sachs, ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence, Brookings Institution, Lawyers
• Trade Union Congress report on inflationA-level Paper 2, June 2024 · 8 questionsSAPHNA, Food, Local Government Association, Health Nurses Association, Community Wellbeing Board, Deputy Conservative Party
• Small number of large multinational firms dominate cloud computer servicesA-level Paper 2, June 2024 · 1 questionOfcom, Competition and Markets Authority, Office of Communications, Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, Discounts
• Will artificial intelligence (AI) replace people?A-level Paper 2, June 2024 · 1 questionYorkshire and Humberside, Northern Ireland, West Midlands, East Midlands, Region East, South West
• In early 2022, Tesla upgraded its Shanghai factory in China. This increased the factory’sA-level Paper 3, June 2024 · 4 questionsTesla, Starbucks, China, Italy, Starbucks’ Chief Financial, Risk of Global Recession
• Furniture firm Moko raises 786.6m Kenyan shillings (KES) to expandA-level Paper 3, June 2024 · 4 questionsAfrican, Kenyan, Moko, KES, GDP, Direct Indirect Employment

June 2023

• Competition watchdog to review UK music industry over power of big firmsA-level Paper 1, June 2023 · 8 questionsSpotify, Music, UK Music, CMA, Competition and Markets Authority, Ed Sheeran and Coldplay
• Children whose parents smoke are four times as likely to take up smokingA-level Paper 1, June 2023 · 1 questionOffice for National Statistics, Stop Smoking Services, UK Government Better, Deputy Chief Medical, Officer Dr Jeanelle, Health Smoke Free
• UK job vacancies in 2022A-level Paper 1, June 2023 · 1 questionSkills Bootcamps, Education, Education Investment Areas, Yorkshire and Sunderland, Department for Education, Accommodation
• UK restaurant sector in March 2022A-level Paper 2, June 2023 · 8 questionsLDC, Rouge and Bella Italia, Manchester and Leeds, Local Data Company, Deliveroo Editions, Guys and Chinatown
• Tesco and Aldi take drastic action to avoid empty supermarket shelvesA-level Paper 2, June 2023 · 1 questionTesco, Tesco and Aldi, Semiconductor, Netherlands, Shoppers, Consumer
• Inflation versus economic growthA-level Paper 2, June 2023 · 1 questionIMF, International Monetary Fund, Sustainability, Critics of UK, Inflation, Slower
• Whitsuntide hirings* – 16th April, 1879A-level Paper 3, June 2023 · 4 questionsDunkin’ Donuts, Red Bull, Digital, Tesla, Indianapolis Grand Prix, Lebanon Mango Chocolate
• Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) enters niche segment with Bikers CafeA-level Paper 3, June 2023 · 4 questionsFrench, Commission, Slovenia, IOC, OMV, MOL

June 2022

• UK market share figures (%) for car manufacturers in 2020A-level Paper 1, June 2022 · 8 questionsStellantis, Ellesmere Port, Vauxhall, BMW, Volkswagen Group, Toyota Motor Corporation
• UK Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation rate (%) June 2020 – May 2021A-level Paper 1, June 2022 · 1 questionCPI, MPC, Gross Domestic Product, Policy Committee, Bank of England, BoE Monetary
• Thousands of Uber drivers to receive employee benefitsA-level Paper 1, June 2022 · 1 questionUber, GMB, Business, Drivers, CIPD, Chartered Institute of Personnel
• Health and the macroeconomyA-level Paper 2, June 2022 · 8 questionsGDP, Denmark, GINI, United Kingdom, According, HDI
• Offshoring by NabiscoA-level Paper 2, June 2022 · 1 questionNabisco, Mexico, Hourly, Chicago and Philadelphia, Jersey and Atlanta, United Kingdom
• Economic growth and inflation in Brazil, 2012–2020A-level Paper 2, June 2022 · 1 questionBrazil, GDP, International Monetary Fund, Gross Domestic Product, South America, Brazilian GDP
• Why is the yuan’s exchange rate with the US dollar important?A-level Paper 3, June 2022 · 4 questionsGermany, Credit Suisse, Chinese, Global, GDP, Growth Projections Global
• GDP Growth Rate of Vietnam 2019–2021A-level Paper 3, June 2022 · 4 questionsVietnam, ASEAN, RCEP, GDP, Vietnamese, GlobalData

November 2021

• It has no high street shops and few people over the age of 40 will have even heard ofA-level Paper 1, November 2021 · 8 questionsBoohoo, Carol Kane, Manchester, SCAP, Fast, Corporate Social Responsibility
• UK will be left underwater in 80 years’ timeA-level Paper 1, November 2021 · 1 questionClimate Central, Liverpool, Britain, Peterborough and Norfolk, Greenpeace International, Swansea and North Wales
• Leading social networks’ market share of website visits in the UK in December 2019A-level Paper 1, November 2021 · 1 questionFacebook, Social, Wikipedia, Facebook and Twitter, Jimmy Wales, Anti-Facebook
• Edinburgh to introduce £2 a day tourist taxA-level Paper 2, November 2021 · 8 questionsScotland, Edinburgh, USA-owned, Tourism, TVL, International Labour Organisation
• Success of the creative industries is prompting business investmentA-level Paper 2, November 2021 · 1 questionCardiff and Titanic Studio, Foreign Direct Investment, United Kingdom Net, Wolf Studio Wales, Pentland Studios, Apple and Disney
• Meatless takeoverA-level Paper 2, November 2021 · 1 questionDuPont, IFF, International Flavors, Fragrances, Grain-fed, Meatless
• UK’s productivity crisisA-level Paper 3, November 2021 · 4 questionsGDP, United Kingdom, OECD, Aged, Organisation for Economic Co-operation, Office for National Statistics
• UK fuel market by brand 2019A-level Paper 3, November 2021 · 4 questionsCMA, Regulation, Sabre, Fuel, Competition and Markets Authority, Carpetright and Mothercare

November 2020

• How British Airways (BA) is turning itself into a low-cost airlineA-level Paper 1, November 2020 · 8 questionsAPD, Manchester Airport Terminal, European Economic Area, EasyJet and Ryanair, European Commission, British Airways
• ManchesterA-level Paper 1, November 2020 · 1 questionManchester and Leeds, Birmingham, HS2 Phase, Midlands, Britain, London
• Amazon is not a traditional monopoly, but it does monopolise the attentionA-level Paper 1, November 2020 · 1 questionAmazon, E-commerce, Walmart, Google and Facebook, Amazon CEO Jeff, Whole Foods
• Sainsbury’s Asda merger: Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) blocks mergerA-level Paper 2, November 2020 · 8 questionsCMA, Tesco, Aldi and Lidl, Jack Cohen, Sainsbury, Month
• The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA)A-level Paper 2, November 2020 · 1 questionUSMCA, NAFTA, USA, President Trump, North American Free, Canada and Mexico
• The poor pay higher taxes than the richA-level Paper 2, November 2020 · 1 questionVAT, Equality Trust, OECD, Cooperation and Development, United Kingdom Inequality, National Insurance
• UK average house pricesA-level Paper 3, November 2020 · 4 questionsBank of England, National Statistics, Philip Hammond, Year Office, Treasury, Britain
• Average output price of potatoes in the United Kingdom (UK)A-level Paper 3, November 2020 · 4 questionsIrish, United Kingdom, Britain, Agricultural, Walkers, Ireland
• D.A.P. Ltd. (DAP)AS Paper 1, November 2020 · 5 questionsDAP, David, Colombia, Sales, Managing Director David, Producing
• Top of the classAS Paper 1, November 2020 · 5 questionsMint Tutors, Christine, GCSE, Cash, Christine Marshall, Jan Feb Mar
• Food Standards Agency labelling on foodsAS Paper 1, November 2020 · 1 questionCanadian, Best, Food, Food Standards Agency, Food Standard Agency, National Zero Waste
• E-commerce not the reason for UK high street woesAS Paper 2, November 2020 · 5 questionsCBRE, National Minimum Wage, European Union, Brexit-related, Rhodri Davies, E-commerce
• The irresistible rise of alternative milks has dairy farmers worriedAS Paper 2, November 2020 · 5 questionsOatly, According, Swedish, Hackney Coffee Company, Barista Oat Drink, General Manager
• Relaxed air quality targets are plaguing northern China with air pollutionAS Paper 2, November 2020 · 1 questionChina, According, Beijing, World Health Organization, Northern China, Greenpeace

June 2019

• The growth of sportswear salesA-level Paper 1, June 2019 · 8 questionsBalance, China, Nike, Balance Degrees Sportwear, Erke Converse Peak, Media Data Systems
• Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem)A-level Paper 1, June 2019 · 1 questionOfgem, CMA, Energy, SSE, Energy Cooperative Warehouse, Others First Utility
• The cost of going to universityA-level Paper 1, June 2019 · 1 questionStates, United States, England, Kingdom, Early, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Food bank use in UK reaches highest rate on recordA-level Paper 2, June 2019 · 8 questionsNatura, Trussell Trust, Body Shop, Forecast, L’Or, Open Government Licence
• Call for ‘latte tax’ of 25p to cut disposable coffee cup wasteA-level Paper 2, June 2019 · 1 questionEnvironmental Audit, Estimated, Starbucks, Committee, Call
• Production at ToyotaA-level Paper 2, June 2019 · 1 questionTesla, Toyota, Prius, Toyota Production System, California-based, General Motors
• Swedish labour market ‘tougher than ever’A-level Paper 3, June 2019 · 4 questionsSweden, Swedish, Year, Global Competitiveness, Wages, National Network for Manufacturing
• Adidas’s high-tech factory brings production back to GermanyA-level Paper 3, June 2019 · 4 questionsAdidas, Speedfactory, Malaysia, Intel, Speedfactories, Ansbach
• Float-ology: Ultimate relaxation at The SanctuaryAS Paper 1, June 2019 · 5 questionsSanctuary, Variable, Sanctuary Floatation, Donna and Danny, Sanctuary Fixed, West Yorkshire
• House prices rise at fastest rate since January, says Halifax bankAS Paper 1, June 2019 · 5 questionsBuy Loan, Help, Halifax, Bank of England, Sophie Christie, Jan Feb Mar
• Yet more growth in the coffee shop marketAS Paper 1, June 2019 · 1 questionStarbucks Coffee Company, Costa Coffee, Consumers, Leading, Caff, Nero
• UK premium chocolate market and inflation dataAS Paper 2, June 2019 · 5 questions
• Brazil: foreign direct investment and unemployment dataAS Paper 2, June 2019 · 5 questions
• Tax cuts for firms and the rich as President Donald Trump wins a major victoryAS Paper 2, June 2019 · 1 question

June 2018

• The gourmet confectionery brand launched by Made in Chelsea star Jamie LaingA-level Paper 1, June 2018 · 8 questionsCandy Kittens, Jamie, Sales, Topshop and Selfridges, Sir Alexander Grant, Haribo and Maynards
• Cycling and walking investment strategyA-level Paper 1, June 2018 · 1 questionFrequency, Cycling, National Travel Survey, Denmark and Holland, British Cycling, Chris Boardman
• Brexit and the UK economyA-level Paper 1, June 2018 · 1 questionBrexit, GDP, UK Bank of England, European Union, Madhavi Bokil, Year Interest
• The value of tourism in EnglandA-level Paper 2, June 2018 · 8 questionsLondon, England, Chinese, China, VisitBritain, Switzerland and Germany
• Britvic to cut costs amid inflation concernsA-level Paper 2, June 2018 · 1 questionBritvic, Chief Executive, Brexit-hit, Unilever, Marmite, Pepsi
• The economy of MadagascarA-level Paper 2, June 2018 · 1 questionMadagascar, France, Germany and South Africa, India and South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Nickel Vanilla
• Human Development Index (HDI) of G20 countriesA-level Paper 3, June 2018 · 4 questionsGlobal, China, GDP, Emerging, Shell and The Coca-Cola, GDP of Tianjin in China
• Indian cycle brand Hero opens Global Design Centre in ManchesterA-level Paper 3, June 2018 · 4 questionsIndian, Europe, Hero Cycles, European, Germany, Italy
• Student bodybuilders bulked up by selling proteins to gym fansAS Paper 1, June 2018 · 5 questionsElliot, Adam, SSL, Guildford College of Law, Sports Supplements Ltd, Elliot Dawes and Adam
• People in the UK who let out their homes on Airbnb get a £1 000 tax breakAS Paper 1, June 2018 · 5 questionsAirbnb, London, Brighton, Amanda, York, Brighton-based Amanda Sagar
• Green and cleanAS Paper 1, June 2018 · 1 questionWheelie Wash, Macclesfield, Paul Wilson, Customers, Cheshire, One-off
• Crisp maker hit by price risesAS Paper 2, June 2018 · 5 questionsNimisha, Brexit, Manufacturer Nimisha Raja, Belgium and Hong Kong, Dollars and Euros, Nim Fruit Crisps
• Selected UK data for May-Nov 2016AS Paper 2, June 2018 · 5 questionsCampaign for Better Transport, Transport Secretary Chris, Rail Delivery Group, Lianna Etkind, Aug Sept Oct, Paul Plummer
• Spain wakes up to risk posed by long-term joblessnessAS Paper 2, June 2018 · 1 questionSpain, Spanish, Marcel Jansen, Madrid Aut, University, Long-term

June 2017

• Bright future for coffee shopsA-level Paper 1, June 2017 · 8 questionsCoffee, Timberyard, London, Costa, Caff, Nero
• Trends and Fluctuations in fuel pricesA-level Paper 1, June 2017 · 1 questionSept, US Dollars, Crude, Trends and Fluctuations, Telegraph Media Group, Premium Unleaded Sept
• Banking Regulations and finesA-level Paper 1, June 2017 · 1 questionFCA, National Westminster Bank, Compliancy Services Ltd, Royal Bank of Scotland, Banking Regulations, Financial Conduct
• The UK balance of trade in 2013A-level Paper 2, June 2017 · 8 questionsTeesside, AV Dawson, Bristol, Export, Import, UAE
• Selection of Economic Development Indicators 2013A-level Paper 2, June 2017 · 1 questionRank, PCAP, GDP, Selection of Economic Development, Russian Federation, Income Rank
• Norway running short of options as it tries to improve ties with ChinaA-level Paper 2, June 2017 · 1 questionChina, Chinese, Norwegian, Norway, Scotland, European Union
• McKinsey: Obesity costs UK society £51bn per yearA-level Paper 3, June 2017 · 4 questionsMcKinsey, GDP, According, Children, Obesity, Company
• Whitbread warns of hit from UK minimum wage hikeA-level Paper 3, June 2017 · 4 questionsLondon, Lidl, Cumbria, Great Britain, Foundation, North West
• Mountain Warehouse Profits ClimbAS Paper 1, June 2017 · 5 questionsMountain Warehouse, Neale, Mountain Warehouse Profits, Germany and Poland, German-language, Climb Outdoor
• Magmatic Ltd posts £1.5m loss as it battles ‘copycats’AS Paper 1, June 2017 · 5 questionsTrunki, Magmatic Ltd, Telegraph Media Group, Limited, We’re, BGF
• Heathrow third runway decision delayed until summer 2016AS Paper 1, June 2017 · 1 questionHeathrow, Cabinet, Gatwick, Transport Secretary, Patrick McLoughlin, Belfast Telegraph
• International Comparisons of Productivity – Final Estimates for 2014AS Paper 2, June 2017 · 5 questionsJaguar Land Rover, JLR, International Comparisons of Productivity, MEDIA LIMITED and Jaguar, Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
• Total Number of Vehicles available for taxi journeys in London 2005–2015AS Paper 2, June 2017 · 5 questionsUber, Private Hire Vehicles, Black Cabs, PHVs, Black Cabs in London, London Taxi Drivers
• Delight over £80m Muller and Dairy Crest mergerAS Paper 2, June 2017 · 1 questionMuller Wiseman Dairies, Dairy Crest, Muller Milk, Ingredients’ Managing Director, Muller and Dairy Crest, Andrew McInnes

June 2016

• Canada’s Top Exports in 2014AS Paper 1, June 2016 · 5 questionsCanadian, Canada, Timber Plastics Electronic, Vehicles Cereals Machines, Success Story Established, USA and South America
• MPs pass legislation to introduce standardised cigarette packagingAS Paper 1, June 2016 · 5 questionsEngland, Islington Council, World Trade Organisation, Councillor Claudia Webbe, Cancer Research UK, Imperial Tobacco
• One Pro cycling team attracts supermarket sponsorAS Paper 1, June 2016 · 1 questionTesco, Richard Collins, Tesco F&F, British, Cycling, We’ve
• India’s Income per Capita (Rupees) 2011-2015AS Paper 2, June 2016 · 5 questionsIndia, Ford, Asia, Maruti Suzuki and Honda, Executive Mark Fields, India Prime Minister
• Lightbulb moment as first mass market graphene product goes liveAS Paper 2, June 2016 · 5 questionsManchester University, Institute, Graphene, LED, National Graphene Institute, Sir Kostya Novoselov
• Mark Carney: next interest rate move will be up, not downAS Paper 2, June 2016 · 1 questionMr Broadbent, Britain, Carney, Bank Deputy Governors, Bank of England, Chief Economist